Telephone Communication.

2 04 2008

The modern name “telephone” as a device that enables us to hear sound at a distance comes from two words,- tele, meaning ‘at a distance’ and ‘phonic’ referring to ’sound’. And in spite of the credit for inventing the electric telephone remains in dispute however among others well known names we can call such famous ones as Charles Bourseul, Antonio Meucci, Johann Philipp Reis, Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray. Thanks to them and many others inventors all of us today are familiar with the telephone as a means of communicating with one another.

But as a matter of fact telephone was invented not too long ago, the first message or ‘telegram’ sent by a telegraph using electromagnetism was in 1833, several different models were produced by two Englishmen, Cooke and Wheatstone. Electric currents passed down wires deflected magnetic needles which pointed to the letters arranged on a panel. The first telephone station was biult in US in 1877, only 131 years ago. I’m not sure that’s only or already but actually 131 years is not too long period for such revolutionary changes we have watched, isn’t it? However, the modern telephone is the result of work done by many people, all worthy of recognition of their contributions to the field and now we just cant emagine our everyday life without this fantastic device.

New technological advancements, mobile technology and wireless technologies have done much to change the way we live and communicate over the past quarter century. I can hardly imagine today businesses management without daily Conference Calls using to meet with remote parties, both internally and outside of their company. Audio Conference provides the client meetings or sales presentations, project meetings and updates, regular team meetings, training classes and communication to employees who work in different locations. Call Conferencing is viewed as a primary means of cutting travel costs and allowing workers to be more productive by not having to go out-of-office for meetings.





Bio-Electromagnetic Weapons.

18 02 2008

At the beginning of February the U.S. Navy test fired an incredibly powerful new big gun designed to replace conventional weaponry aboard ships. New weapon uses electromagnetic energy instead of explosive chemical propellants to fire a projectile farther and faster. The railgun, as it is called, will ultimately fire a projectile more than 230 miles (370 kilometers) with a muzzle velocity seven times the speed of sound (Mach 7) and a velocity of Mach 5 at impact.
The test-firing, captured on video, took place Jan. 31 in Dahlgren, Va., and Navy officials called it the “world’s most powerful electromagnetic railgun.”

“I never ever want to see a Sailor or Marine in a fair fight. I always want them to have the advantage,” said Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Gary Roughead. “We should never lose sight of always looking for the next big thing, always looking to make our capability better, more effective than what anyone else can put on the battlefield.”

What is Bio-electromagnetic Weapons?
This is an ultimate weapon system that operates at the speed of light; they can kill, torture and enslave; but the public are largely unaware that they exist, because these weapons operate by stealth and leave no physical evidence. Electromagnetic weapons have been tested on human beings since 1976 and according to “Science in Society” this weapon was being deployed in Iraq.

There is only one electromagnetic spectrum. Nuclear weapons release a great deal of ionizing radiation in the high frequency range above visible light, where the energy of the radiation is capable of breaking chemical bonds. The beginning of working up started in 1959 when Saul B. Sells, a professor of social psychology at a minor US university submitted a proposal to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to build for them the most sophisticated electroencephalography machine that would have an integral computational capacity to analyze and, hopefully, make sense of the brain waves it recorded. In other words, the professor proposed to make a machine that could tell the CIA what a person was thinking, whether or not the person wished to disclose that information. In 1973, Joseph C. Sharp, an experimental psychologist at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research performed an experiment that was pivotal to the development of the torture equipment being shipped to Iraq today. He had James Lin set up equipment in his laboratory which converted the shape of sound waves into microwave radiation that enabled him to hear himself vocalize the names of the numbers from one to ten in his head, by-passing the mechanism of his own ears. This particular experiment was never published but is mentioned in Lin’s book, Microwave Auditory Effects and Applications, published in 1978.

Today after the weapon test we can definitely say that the inevitable has occurred! But what is in store for us in future? I don’t thing it will be something good. Any weapon wants to be used.





Printing History.

15 12 2007

No drought that every one who works with computer also makes use of such necessary device as printer. Now you print out important documents, articles or photos of your loved ones without a moment’s hesitation. But do you know that the process of printing has it’s own history and years ago using a printer you could find at once that printer ink is out what presented a big problem. Printers used ribbons or daisy wheels to print on paper. Let’s take a look at the evolution of printer ink cartridges. Ink jet printers and printer cartridges were introduced in 1984 and widely accepted in 1990. First the dot matrix method used a ribbon. But the industry tried to find new more convenient and easier thechnologies to make printing. There is the drop on demand method where the ink squirts onto the paper through tiny nozzles. The amount of ink dropped the page is controlled by the software driver that controls which nozzle fires and when.

After years of changing ribbons, adding toner ink to reservoirs within the computer a printing became not only black and white but colored as well. Now inkjet printer cartridges provide you wide opportunity to print out on any sized paper, on fabric and on film. A modern ink jet printer is the most popular choice for printing using worldwide.
1452 - Gutenberg used oil-based ink, moveable type, and an old winepress to make the first printing press.
Martin Luther began the Protestant reformation making extensive use of the printing press.
1714 - The typewriter was born. Schematics that were done by Mills were discovered however, there is no proof that any typewriters were actually made.
1874 - Christopher Sholes, Samuel Soule, and Carlos Glidden made a keyboard that became known as the “qwerty” because of the first five keys on the top row of the keyboard.
1894 - Franz Wagner developed a typewriter that is very similar to the ones made today. He created a design that let the typists watch as they were typing. Previously, paper would go through a roller as you typed and you could not see what you typed until you were done.
1897 - Underwood (by John Underwood) was the prototypical typewriter of its day.
1939 - Charles Carlson developed electrography, which is the first dry writing technique developed in the United States.
1949 - Haloid Company began to commercially developed electrography for the first time.
1959 - Xerox 914 hit the market and forced other businesses to update their communication systems.
1969 - Xerox first introduced dry printing (laser printing) by Gary Starkweather.
1078 - Xerox put out the world’s first business laser printer the Xerox 9700. It copied documents at the speed of 120 ppm (pages per minute)
1979 - The IBM 3800 could print out 20,000 lines per minute.
1980’s - The use of toner cartridges became obsolete.
1984 - Hewlett-Packard released the first home-based desktop laser printer.





Genius and villainy.

31 10 2007

Genius and villainy are two things incompatible, aren’t they? If that popular expressions is veracious then what about “evil genius”? Or may be a genius is such conception which could not be seen in proper from an ordinary person‘s point of view? But as said T. S. Eliot, evil is unspectacular and always human, and shares our bed and eats at our own table. And so far as we are human, what we do must be either evil or good: so far as we do evil or good, we are human: and it is better, in a paradoxical way, to do evil than to do nothing: at least we exist. So the list of 100 living geniuses shows us people that really made something and it does not mention what exactly the did and some of them are continuing to do.

Among 100 names, called by The Telegraph we can find out such odious figure as Osama Bin Laden. First two position of the Top List were given to chemist from Swiss Albert Hoffman who discovered LSD and to Tim Berners-Lee who invented internet, also in the list we can see such really eminent contemporaries as Philip Glass, Grigory Perelman, Daniel Barenboim, The Dalai Lama, Philip Roth, Henry Kissinger, Meryl Streep, Paul McCartney and others.
Funny Halloween!





Vatican reveals the Knights Templar’s secrets.

13 10 2007

As BBC reports that the Vatican is to publish a book which is expected to shed light on the demise of the Knights Templar, a Christian military order from the Middle Ages. Generally the documentary patrimony of the Vatican Secret Archives always arouses great interest. Today we have got opportunity to find out to read a great number very interesting documents related to the history of the Christian civilization from the Middle Ages until nowadays on the Vatican’s site. both for those documents regarding in general the history of the Christian civilization from the Middle Ages until nowadays and for those concerning the history of single nations; moreover, for some countries, the Vatican documents are the oldest ones, which even mark the beginning of their own national history.

Now the Vatican has published secret archive documents about the trial of the Knights Templar, including a long-lost parchment that shows that Pope Clement V initially absolved the medieval Christian order from accusations of heresy, officials said Friday. The history, the doctrines and the secret rituals of the Templars have incited, vexed and bewildered humanity for about 1.000 years. Since 1119. It was the year when nine knights from the South of France, who had already passed through the purgatory of the First Crusade, decided to found a new Order, with both military and sacerdotal valences: the Order of the Templar Knights. Or, by its official name: the Order of the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon.The 300-page volume recently came out in a limited edition — 799 copies — each priced at $8,377, said Scrinium publishing house, which prints documents from the Vatican’s secret archives.





Past and future Photo cameras.

4 10 2007

To those who spend a lot of time in photographing there is no need to prove the importance of using the different photography gadgets in a shooting process. A successful photograph is the result included a few hundred steps from equipment to framing and printing at the end.

By the way do you know that the first successful picture was produced in June/July 1827 by Niepce (pronounced Nee-ps), he used material that hardened on exposure to light and the picture required an exposure of eight hours. The author stayed known in history as first photograph. The earliest paper negative was produced in August 1835. No wonder that the negative was small (1″ square), and poor in quality. In 1851 a new era in photography was introduced by Scott Archer, who invented the collodion process. Actually you see that the history of photograph is long and fascinating story. In our age of cell phones, digital cameras and other high-tech gadgets there is nothing for us, but to choose needed camera and to take a photograph to everybody’s delight.